Friend, M. and Cook L. (1992). Interacations: Collaboration skills for school professionals.. New York: Longman. (pp. 6-9).

Defining Characteristics of Collaboration



1. Collaboration is voluntary.
2. Collaboration requires parity between individuals.
3. Collaboration is based on mutual goals.
4. Collaboration depends on shared responsibility for participation in decision making.
5. Individual who collaborate share their resources.
6. Individuals who collaborate share accountability for outcomes.

Emergent Characteristics



1. Individuals who collaborate value this interpersonal style.
2. Professionals who collaborate trust one another.
3. A sense of community evolves from collaboration.



Work Culture |Department of Teacher Education Memorandum